A unique cablesuspended marquee, inspired by the brooklyn bridge an extension of the entry vestibule was fabricated from reused spandrel beams. Arbroath slab, arbroath stone, arbroath pavement, arbroath slate the export name for carmyllie tarchar ti an archer, bowman. Spandrel beam subjected to bending, shear and torsion. Illustrated dictionary of architecture by ernest burden 19980501 on. Spandrel definition is the sometimes ornamented space between the right or left exterior curve of an arch and an enclosing right angle. Spandrels synonyms, spandrels pronunciation, spandrels translation, english dictionary definition of spandrels. In evolutionary terms, a spandrel is some trait of an organism which emerges not through direct adaptionist or exaptationist means, but rather as a side effect of some other evolutionary development. Download our english dictionary apps available for both ios and android. Opacifier lightblocking material is typically applied to. Middle english spaundrell, probably from spandre, space between supporting timbers, from. A spandrel is a triangular space, usually found in pairs, between the top of an arch and a rectangular frame. It is the space between an arch and a rectangular fence or the space between the right and left exterior curve of an arch and an enclosing right angle in structures with more than one floor, the term spandrel can also mean the space between the top of the window in one floor and the threshold of the window in the floor above. Dictionary of architecture and construction cyril harris. Stephen jay gould and richard lewontin used the architectural term spandrel the triangular gap at the corner of an arch to describe a byproduct of evolution.
Illustrated dictionary of architecture burden ernest. Websters new world college dictionary, 4th edition. Spandrel glass is designed to mask vision through the. Spandrel the triangular element in a staircase between the stringer and the baseboard. A curved structural member spanning an opening or recess. Triangle formed between the string of a stair and the floor. Most dictionaries simply tell you what a word means, but the visual dictionary shows youthrough a combination of detailed annotations, explicit photographs, and illustrations. Insulating glass unit igu spandrels are fabricated with two panes of glass to improve a buildings insulation and energy efficiency. From the word bowed, entasis describes the subtle curve of a column. When arches adjoin, the entire area between their crowns and springing line is a spandrel. Spandrel glass article about spandrel glass by the free. Part of a wall between the head of a windowaperture and the cill of the window above in a building of two or more storeys, especially in a curtainwall.
See dictionary of architecture and landscape architecture by john fleming, hugh honour, and nikolaus pevsner species. The roughly triangular space between the left or right exterior curve of an arch and the rectangular framework surrounding it. Construction glossary of building terms residential reports. Concrete block foundation building foundation stair detail roof detail stairs architecture architecture details online architecture architecture quotes best door designs includes the following cad drawings. Illustrated dictionary of historic architecture by cyril m.
Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. A substance, such as calcium chloride, added to a concrete. This dictionary defines more terms in architecture and building construction than any other dictionary in the english language. Typical construction for the larger bridges is shown in figure 1 of the lugar viaduct. Get the free oneclick dictionary software for windows or the iphoneipad and android apps noun. They are frequently filled with decorative elements. This clock functions with operator, which once a day supplies with water and places the spandrel with the hours in his right date. The premier illustrated architectural dictionary, illustrated dictionary of architecture, features 8,000 definitions, 4,000 illustrations, and biographies of hundreds of architects accompanied by classic examples of their work. See also blind arcade, column, pier, spandrel architrave. This is an example of a byproduct or what stephen jay gould famously called a spandrel a trait that has no benefit and can be very costly, but remains in the. This book defines over 5,000 terms relating to architectural design, history, and technology. In this volume, noted columbia university professor of architecture cyril m.
Spandrel glass is used to prevent materials or construction elements from being viewed from the exterior of a building. Architecture definition, the profession of designing buildings, open areas, communities, and other artificial constructions and environments, usually with some regard to aesthetic effect. Jun 29, 2014 a history of architecture on the comparative method for the student, craftsman, and amateur by professor banister fletcher, f. The art and science of designing and erecting buildings.
In architecture, a spandrel is the space between intersecting arches. Foundation details,concrete details,beam,floor design,civil base,types of foundation,steelframe,pile the. Dictionary of construction terms the engineering community. Dictionary of architecture and building construction. In modern multistory architecture, a spandrel is a horizontal panel that is located between the top of one window or row of windows and the bottom of those that are on the floor above it. This clock functions with operator, which once a day supplies with water and places the spandrel with the.
In architecture, the prototypical spandrel is the triangular space left over on top, when a rectangular wall is pierced by a passageway capped with a rounded arch see fig. At the lowest level, the arch is filled the influence of spandrel wall construction on arch bridge behaviour w. The process by which a liquid or mixture of liquid and gases is drawn into the pores of a porous solid material. Spandrels definition of spandrels by the free dictionary. It includes elements such as services, layers, components, relationships, technologies, standards, principles, conventions and constraints. She looks in particular at the role of political and cultural ideology, the relationship between construction in the major cities and in the provinces and the continuing mughal fascination with paradisical imagery that. Dictionary of scottish building by historic environment. Spandrel glass glass resources glass in architecture. Spandrel definition and meaning collins english dictionary. Often, a spandrel is formed by a wall, a ceiling, and the curve of an arch.
A spandrel is a triangular space, usually found in pairs, between the top of an arch and a. The roughly triangular wall space between two adjacent arches see also arcade, arch click here for pronounciation. Illustrated dictionary of architecture by ernest burden 1998. In classical architecture, the uppermost elements supported by columns are referred to as the entablature. Harris this massive compendium by a noted architectural historian contains over 2,000 line drawings, and clear, concise definitions for over 5,000 important terms relating to the architectural achievements of a great variety of world cultures, ancient to modern. The primary function of spandrel glass is to cover nonvisible areas including the areas between floors, hung ceiling areas, kneewall areas below vision lights, and sometimes even columns or partitions.
Spandrel definition of spandrel by the free dictionary. Home learn resources architecture dictionary spandrel. A surface divider joint designed to allow free movement between new and existing construction or between different materials. By extension, a spandrel is any geometric configuration of space inevitably left over as a consequence of other architectural decisions. Spandrel panel spandril panel in a multistory building, a wall panel filling the space between the top of the window in one story and the sill of the window in the story above. The wedge shaped elements that make up an arch keep one another in palce and transform. This area can often become a separate storey of the building. In china, the oldest existing arch bridge is the zhaozhou bridge of 605 ad, which combined a very low spantorise ratio of 5. Architectural dictionaryof terms, movements, and architects.
Architecture the surface area between two adjacent arches and the. Axis a straight line about which a body or geometric object rotates or may be conceived to rotate. Illustrated glossary of classical architecture new york spaces. Dictionary of architecture and building construction pdf.
In evolutionary biology, a spandrel is a phenotypic characteristic that is a byproduct of the evolution. The exaptive excellence of spandrels as a term and. It is the only dictionary that provides concise, accurate definitions illustrated with finely detailed, handrendered drawings, each executed in mr. Architecture definition of architecture by the free dictionary. A dictionary of military architecture, fortification and fieldworks from the iron age to the eighteenth century by stephen francis wyley. Spandrel, also spelled spandril, the roughly triangular area above and on either side of an arch, bounded by a line running horizontally through the apex of the arch, a line rising vertically from the springing of the arch, and the curved extrados, or top of the arch. Spandrel beam article about spandrel beam by the free. The lintel or flat horizontal member which spans the space between columns.
Architectural terms an illustrated glossary by alice cotton. The scope of work proposed includes an exterior renovation to adapt the building for groundfloor retail and secondfloor office use, replacement of secondfloor transom spandrel glass and louvers with clear glazing, restoration of historic pivoting window sashes above the main building entrance, and removal of an abandoned exterior steel flue stack located in a light well. This new, fullcolor edition includes terms relating to green, ecological, and sustainable architecture. Roof architecture residential architecture architecture details roof structure steel structure roof truss design roof trusses roof cladding cool roof feb 15, 20 a visual dictionary of architecture 1. In architecture, a spandrel is the triangleshaped space between two arches, or between an arch and the rectangle that frames it. As a former librarian at an architectural library, temporararily engaged in translation and english teaching, i find this resource extremely useful when it comes to checking the language to describe the varied world of architectural features of historical palaces and. Feb 23, 2020 a spandrel is a structure arising as a byproduct of some other architectural configuration. Spandrel definition, an area between the extradoses of two adjoining arches, or between the extrados of an arch and a perpendicular through the extrados at the springing line. Illustrated dictionary of historic architecture cyril m. A history of architecture on the comparative method, 5th ed. The convex curve formed by the outer edge of an arch. Dictionary of architecture nikolaus pevsner, john fleming, hugh honour on.
Spandrel simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Since curtain wall systems span across floor slabs, there is a need for an opaque cladding material that will conceal the slab edge, columns and any mechanical systems located between each floor. Fletcher history of architecture linkedin slideshare. It provides a link between pictures and words in a way that no ordinary dictionary ever has. Beam a squaredoff log or a large, oblong piece of timber, metal, or stone used especially as a horizontal support in construction.
There are four or five accepted and cognate meanings of spandrel in architectural and art history, mostly relating to the space between a curved figure and a rectangular boundary such as the space between the curve of an arch and a rectilinear bounding moulding, or the wallspace bounded by adjacent arches in an arcade and the stringcourse or moulding above them, or the space between the. Buy illustrated dictionary of architecture 2 by burden, ernest isbn. Formerly professor of architecture in kings college, london and banister f. The conference of the parties serving as the meeting of the parties to this protocol shall, at its first session or as soon as practicable thereafter, decide upon modalities, rules and guidelines as to how, and which, additional humaninduced activities related to changes in greenhouse gas emissions by sources and removals by sinks in the agricultural soils and the landuse change. Dec 12, 2017 dictionary of construction terms this dictionary of construction terms is intended to cover a wide range of the more common as well more esoteric yet important terms a building professional, lawyer, student, judge, arbitrator, adjudicator, engineering economist or the like may require defi nition upon in the construction law fi eld. Professor asher considers the entire scope of architecture built under the auspices of the imperial mughals and their subjects. Dictionary of architecture and building construction this page intentionally left. The store facade has two steel suspension towers that are the two halves of a 32 steel girder cut lengthwise along its flange and welded to the exposed existing building structure. Dictionary of software architecture posted by john spacey, may 21, 2017.
Chings signature style, this longawaited second edition of a visual dictionary of architecture is a remarkable, oneofakind compendium that combines textual definitions and hundreds of superb line drawings to illuminate a comprehensive body of essential terms in architecture, including important interrelationships between building components. One example is to be found at the top of the highrise where a sort of pavilion is decorated with a spandrel referring to the baroque and classical architecture of the historical town. One advantage of treating selfdeception as a spandrel is that we can explain its continued existence despite. Architecture can be planned upfront andor emerge over time. A visual dictionary of architecture pdf free download epdf.
Used books may not include companion materials, may have some shelf wear, may contain highlightingnotes. There are four or five accepted and cognate meanings of spandrel. Art and architecture singlepage glossary of art and architectural terms, from your way to florence. Software architecture is the structure of software. Introduction he visual dictionary is a completely new kind of reference book. Includes a lot of useful information in building materials and services, construction techniques, engineering practices, specifications writing, environmental concerns, community regulations, legal requirements and other areas. Spandrels can also occur in the construction of domes and are typical in grand architecture from the medieval. Pdf dictionary of architecture and building construction oun. The space between two arches and a horizontal molding or cornice above them. Construction glossary of building terms abutment that part of a pier or wall either end of an arch, beam, or bridge which resists the pressure of a load. Access door door which allows access to concealed space or equipment.
The zhaozhou bridge, with a length of 167 feet 51 m and span of 123 feet 37 m, is the worlds first wholly stone open spandrel segmental arch. Years ago, stephen jay gould and richard lewontin borrowed the term spandrel from architecture to illustrate an important consequence of the way evolution works designs, intelligent and stupid. The influence of spandrel wall construction on arch bridge. Quasitriangular plane, the hanse or haunch, framed by the extrados of an arch, a horizontal line projected from the crown, and a vertical line rising from the springing, often decorated.
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